Acute neuromuscular weakness work-up

 

Screening tests

Serum sodium, potassium, calcium/phosphorus, magnesium

Blood gasses

Liver, renal and thyroid function tests

Serum CK

Serum cholinesterase levels

CBC, ESR, eosinophil count

Urinalysis

Urine porphobilinogen, d-aminolevulinic acid, myoglobinuria

HIV serology

Toxicoscreening: Urine: thallium, arsenic and tetrodotoxin levels, blood: alcohol levels, serum immunoassay ciguatoxin-1 levels (>0.1 mg/kg), serum saxitoxin levels,

CSF analysis (AIDP), including lactate (mitochondrial disorders)

Chest X-ray, ECG

EMG, NCVs and supramaximal repetitive stimulation

EEG (thallium and arsenic poisoning)

Tensilon test

MRI brain and spinal cord including cauda equina (West Nile virus), MRI cervical spinal cord (mimic)

 

 

Specific investigations

Blood/serum

ANA

Serum acetylcholine receptor antibodies, VGCC antibodies (LEMS), IgM antibody titers (West Nile virus)

Cultures and serology

Throat cultures (C. diphtheriae), stool cultures (C. botulism)

Lyme serology

Muscle/nerve biopsy

 

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