Visual loss work-up

Screening tests

Serum electrolytes, calcium/phosphorus, uric acid, lactate and pyruvate, liver and thyroid function tests, blood gases

CBC, ESR

ANA, cANCA, pANCA, LE cels, anticardiolipin, antiphospholipid antibodies, ACE, cryoglobulin, C4

Vitamin B12

Lyme serology, VDRL, TPHA, cat-scratch fever, viral serology (Hepatitis, HSV, enterovirus) 

Toxicology screening

PPD

Chest X-ray

EEG, EMG/NCVs, VEP, BAEP, SSEP, ERG

Brain MRI (optic nerve, brain and spinal cord) with MRA/MRV

Stroke work-up

Specific investigations

Blood & urine

Organic acids, carnitine, lactate and pyruvate (mitochondrial disease), oligoclonal bands (MS), PCR (TB)

CSF

Lactate and pyruvate (mitochondrial disease), oligoclonal bands (MS), PCR (TB)

Biopsy

Muscle (LHON), temporal artery (GCA)

Genetic testing

Mitochondrial mutation analysis

Back to Top